The app DroidCam allows to share your smartphone camera via network or USB. It has several drawbacks, though:
Basically, DroidCam runs on your smartphone and opens a port you can connect to. It offers three modes:
Choosing the USB interface requires to install some software on your computer, but allows you to use your smartphone like a USB webcam. That means you can pick it directly as input device in OBS and use it like any other camera.
Full installation instructions are found on the webpage of Droidcam: http://www.dev47apps.com/
Now your OBS should show you the new camera (You may need to close and re-open OBS).